Civil infrastructure systems — roads, bridges, drainage networks, coastal defences, and urban utilities — face compounding risks from accelerating climate change, including intensified flooding, prolonged drought, extreme heat events, sea-level rise, and increased storm frequency. This article presents a structured framework for climate change adaptation in future infrastructure development, synthesising evidence from global case studies, risk modelling, and resilience assessment tools. Eight adaptation strategies are evaluated against six performance dimensions, and eight resilience indicators are quantified against baseline and target values. Findings demonstrate that integrated, nature-based, and digitally monitored adaptation approaches can reduce infrastructure failure rates by up to 66.7%, lower lifecycle carbon intensity by 44.7%, and improve composite adaptive capacity scores from 42 to 70 or above. Mainstreaming climate adaptation into infrastructure planning cycles from the earliest design stages is identified as both technically feasible and economically optimal over a 50–100 year asset lifecycle.