Abstract

The emergence of carbon-negative buildings represents a revolutionary paradigm shift in sustainable architecture, transforming structures from environmental liabilities into active climate solutions. This article examines the innovative technologies and design strategies enabling buildings to sequester more carbon dioxide than they emit throughout their entire lifecycle, while simultaneously purifying ambient air for occupants. Through comprehensive analysis of material innovations, biological systems integration, and atmospheric processing technologies, we explore how these structures are reshaping urban environments into carbon sinks. Research demonstrates that carbon-negative buildings can sequester 50-200 tons of CO2 annually while removing particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds from surrounding air. Advanced biomimetic facades, photosynthetic concrete, algae-integrated systems, and atmospheric carbon capture technologies are converging to create buildings that function as living ecosystems. As climate change accelerates and urban air quality deteriorates, these structures offer a transformative approach to sustainable development that addresses both carbon reduction and public health simultaneously. The integration of natural and engineered systems in carbon-negative buildings represents the future of climate-responsive architecture.